美国真相：美国大学校园里的“聪明药”

阿德拉是一种处方药，通常用于治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)等疾病。其副作用包括心律不齐、血压升高、焦虑、头痛、头晕、失眠、食欲不振等。

阿德拉又被称为“聪明药”或“学习药”。明知有风险，许多美国大学生还是用这种药来提升专注力和学习效率。在期末考试期间，阿德拉是学生们用来提高学习成绩的方式之一。

据俄亥俄州立大学2022年对美国15所大学的6510名本科生、研究生和专科学生的调查，每六名大学生中就有一人是出于非医疗目的使用如阿德拉、利他林或右旋苯异丙胺一类的兴奋剂，76%的人是为了提升成绩而使用。

史蒂夫是一名来自美国底特律的导演和艺术家，他2020年大学毕业。在校期间，在学业和经济的压力下，史蒂夫从大二开始使用阿德拉，这样他才能有精力兼顾学习和打工。但是阿德拉的副作用很快开始困扰他，他变得没有胃口，无精打采，总是疲劳，一天只能睡三到四个小时。

史蒂夫回忆说，大学期间，他的同龄者中约有80%的人使用阿德拉来提高学习成绩。造成这种处方药在校园里滥用的主要原因则是一些拥有医生处方的人买药之后并非自己使用，而是私下转卖给学生们，导致原本应该被严格管控的阿德拉在校园中变得随处可得。史蒂夫说，大学对大多数人来说过于昂贵。一些学生选择使用处方药来维持精力，以应对繁重的学业和经济压力，就算身体和精神健康受到损害也在所不惜。

Adderall, a prescription drug commonly used for treating conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is often used by college students in the U.S. to increase focus and productivity despite the potential risks. 

Referred to as a "study drug" or "smart drug," it is seen as a way to boost academic performance, especially during examinations. Its side effects include irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure, anxiety, headache, dizziness, insomnia and loss of appetite.

According to a survey conducted by Ohio State University in 2022 of 6,510 undergraduate, graduate and professional students from 15 institutions across the U.S., nearly one in six college students had used stimulants like Adderall, Ritalin or Dexedrine for non-medical use, and 76 percent of them had used the drugs to study.

Steve is a director and artist from Detroit, who graduated from college in 2020. Under the academic and economic pressure, Steve started to use Adderall in the sophomore year to "maintain the energy" to study and do part-time work at the same time. Soon the side effects started to harry him, such as no appetite, being lethargic and fatigued, and he could only sleep three to four hours a day.

Steve recalled that around 80 percent of his peers used Adderall to improve academic performance. The main reason for this drug abuse on the U.S. campuses is that some people with prescriptions sell Adderall to students underground instead of using it for themselves, leading to easy access to Adderall, which should be controlled strictly. Steve said that college is so expensive for most people that some of them use drugs to be able to make the best of this experience, even at the detriment of their physical and mental well-being.

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